新(xin)(xin)形勢(shi)下應(ying)以(yi)綠色發展(zhan)和開放發展(zhan)理念謀劃(hua)我國的能(neng)源(yuan)安(an)全(quan)戰略，樹立以(yi)供(gong)應(ying)安(an)全(quan)、價格安(an)全(quan)、生態安(an)全(quan)、網絡安(an)全(quan)為主要內容的新(xin)(xin)型能(neng)源(yuan)安(an)全(quan)觀，以(yi)創建現(xian)代能(neng)源(yuan)安(an)全(quan)體系，提高我國能(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)能(neng)力(li)(li)、需求調控能(neng)力(li)(li)、風險應(ying)對能(neng)力(li)(li)和國際市場影響能(neng)力(li)(li)為著力(li)(li)點，確立保障我國能(neng)源(yuan)安(an)全(quan)的戰略目標。

能源綠色發展已成全球共識，清潔低碳是大勢所趨

自1992年(nian)聯(lian)(lian)合(he)國環發(fa)大(da)會(hui)以(yi)來，全球(qiu)低碳、可(ke)(ke)持續發(fa)展取得了長足的進步。一(yi)方(fang)面，統(tong)計結果顯示，過去20年(nian)，全球(qiu)可(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展從初期進入(ru)(ru)快速成長階段，2015年(nian)，盡管化(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)價格大(da)幅下(xia)跌，但全球(qiu)清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)投資額仍高(gao)達3290億美元，再創歷史新(xin)高(gao)。另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)面，以(yi)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)、風能(neng)(neng)(neng)等為代表的新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利用(yong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)和能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)互聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)等新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)不斷突(tu)破，促使新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)迅猛發(fa)展。預(yu)計至(zhi)2035年(nian)全球(qiu)可(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)均消費增長6．4％。同時(shi)，物聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)、移動互聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)、大(da)數據(ju)和云(yun)計算等互聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)與能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)深度融(rong)合(he)，分布式(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、智能(neng)(neng)(neng)電網(wang)、新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)開始(shi)步入(ru)(ru)產業化(hua)發(fa)展階段，大(da)量工業園區(qu)、城鎮(zhen)小區(qu)、公(gong)用(yong)建(jian)筑和私人(ren)住宅已擁有分布式(shi)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)系統(tong)，“人(ren)人(ren)消費能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與人(ren)人(ren)生產能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”的生產消費新(xin)形態正在逐步形成。

20多年(nian)(nian)(nian)來的(de)(de)(de)實踐表明(ming)，要(yao)根本解決全(quan)球氣候(hou)(hou)問(wen)題，必須將(jiang)綠色發展(zhan)(zhan)置于國(guo)(guo)際(ji)氣候(hou)(hou)制度的(de)(de)(de)核(he)心(xin)。2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月巴(ba)黎氣候(hou)(hou)變(bian)化(hua)大會明(ming)確要(yao)求各(ge)國(guo)(guo)實施(shi)增長、消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)低碳(tan)轉(zhuan)型(xing)，大會達(da)成的(de)(de)(de)《巴(ba)黎協定》奠定了各(ge)國(guo)(guo)廣泛參與(yu)轉(zhuan)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本格局(ju)，確立了2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)后以“國(guo)(guo)家自主(zhu)貢獻”為主(zhu)體的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)應對氣候(hou)(hou)變(bian)化(hua)機制安排(pai)，這將(jiang)極(ji)大地推動全(quan)球能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)從煤炭和石油向天(tian)(tian)然氣和新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉(zhuan)變(bian)。目(mu)前全(quan)球67％左右的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)室氣體排(pai)放(fang)與(yu)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)產和消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)相關(guan)，而要(yao)實現《巴(ba)黎協定》的(de)(de)(de)減排(pai)目(mu)標(biao)，各(ge)國(guo)(guo)必然要(yao)大力發展(zhan)(zhan)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和天(tian)(tian)然氣。美國(guo)(guo)提出，到2025年(nian)(nian)(nian)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占電(dian)力消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)25％，到2050年(nian)(nian)(nian)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占電(dian)力消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)80％、占能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)60％。歐盟委員會提出，到2050年(nian)(nian)(nian)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占電(dian)力消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)80％、占能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)60％。丹麥提出，到2050年(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)部電(dian)力均來自于可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。我國(guo)(guo)應對氣候(hou)(hou)變(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)自主(zhu)行動計劃要(yao)求2030年(nian)(nian)(nian)左右實現碳(tan)排(pai)放(fang)達(da)到峰值。總之，發展(zhan)(zhan)綠色能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)已成全(quan)球共識，清潔低碳(tan)是大勢所趨。

新形勢下的中國能源安全觀

在(zai)國(guo)際(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)新格(ge)局和(he)(he)應對全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)氣(qi)候變化(hua)新形勢(shi)下(xia)(xia)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)涵(han)(han)義(yi)(yi)也在(zai)擴展(zhan)。國(guo)際(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)組織定(ding)義(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)(an)全(quan)涵(han)(han)義(yi)(yi)是“在(zai)給(gei)定(ding)價格(ge)下(xia)(xia)，滿足能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)需(xu)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供給(gei)在(zai)物理上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)獲得性”，學術界較為(wei)廣泛(fan)接受的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解釋是“石(shi)油和(he)(he)天然氣(qi)充(chong)足、可(ke)靠、多渠(qu)道和(he)(he)可(ke)承受價格(ge)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供給(gei)，以及(ji)具有充(chong)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎設施將這些供給(gei)輸(shu)送到能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)市場”。傳(chuan)統能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)(an)全(quan)以單一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)油安(an)(an)全(quan)為(wei)核心。上世(shi)紀(ji)七(qi)八十年代，由(you)于國(guo)際(ji)石(shi)油危機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)供應和(he)(he)合(he)(he)理價格(ge)成(cheng)為(wei)了能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心內(nei)容。各國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)(an)全(quan)戰略的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要目標(biao)是逐(zhu)步提高自給(gei)率、實現(xian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)獨立。進入上世(shi)紀(ji)九十年代，隨著人們(men)環保意識(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)強(qiang)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)涵(han)(han)又逐(zhu)步加(jia)入了環境安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概(gai)念。進入二十一世(shi)紀(ji)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)涵(han)(han)更為(wei)豐(feng)富(fu)，全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)氣(qi)候變化(hua)和(he)(he)《京都議定(ding)書》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)簽署使(shi)世(shi)界各主(zhu)(zhu)要經濟體更加(jia)重視環境保護和(he)(he)低(di)碳發展(zhan)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)潔化(hua)、低(di)碳化(hua)成(cheng)為(wei)全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)共識(shi)。同時，隨著互聯網在(zai)全(quan)世(shi)界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普及(ji)，以新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技術和(he)(he)互聯網技術結合(he)(he)為(wei)特征(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技術革(ge)命新突破開始(shi)顯現(xian)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)信息(xi)安(an)(an)全(quan)又成(cheng)為(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)(an)全(quan)內(nei)涵(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要組成(cheng)部分。

十(shi)(shi)八屆五(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)會提出的(de)創新、協調、綠色(se)、開放(fang)、共(gong)享(xiang)五(wu)(wu)大發(fa)展(zhan)理念，是“十(shi)(shi)三五(wu)(wu)”乃至更長時期我(wo)國(guo)(guo)發(fa)展(zhan)思(si)路、發(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)(fang)向、發(fa)展(zhan)著力點(dian)的(de)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)體現。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)綠色(se)、開放(fang)發(fa)展(zhan)理念對于推動我(wo)國(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)革(ge)命，明確(que)新形勢(shi)下我(wo)國(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)(an)全(quan)觀具有特別重要(yao)的(de)意義。綠色(se)發(fa)展(zhan)是一(yi)種資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)節(jie)約型、環境(jing)友好(hao)型的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)(fang)式，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)綠色(se)發(fa)展(zhan)就是充分利用(yong)天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)和(he)(he)可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，全(quan)面提高能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利用(yong)效率，最大限(xian)度保(bao)護生態環境(jing)，既滿足人民群(qun)眾(zhong)的(de)合理能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)需求，又體現人與(yu)自然(ran)的(de)和(he)(he)諧發(fa)展(zhan)。開放(fang)發(fa)展(zhan)是保(bao)障國(guo)(guo)家能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)必由之路。要(yao)用(yong)全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)視(shi)野(ye)、世界(jie)眼光去謀劃我(wo)國(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)，充分利用(yong)全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)市場，深入(ru)參與(yu)全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)治理，借(jie)助能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)憲章等多種交流平臺，在能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)(an)全(quan)、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)和(he)(he)氣(qi)候變化等領域開展(zhan)全(quan)方(fang)(fang)位(wei)的(de)國(guo)(guo)際合作，以擴(kuo)展(zhan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供給(gei)多元(yuan)化的(de)空間(jian)，增加能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供給(gei)，增強(qiang)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)基礎。